Abstract

Pesticide application in agriculture has significantly increased to enhance crop productivity. However, its long-term use raises concerns regarding soil microbial communities and water resource contamination. This study examines the prolonged impacts of agropharmaceutic (pesticide category) residues on microbial diversity, soil health, and groundwater pollution. The findings reveal that persistent agropharmaceutic exposure alters microbial community structure, reducing beneficial microorganisms while promoting resistant strains. Additionally, agropharmaceutic leaching into water systems contributes to ecological disturbances and human health risks. This research underscores the urgent need for sustainable pest management practices to mitigate environmental damage while maintaining agricultural efficiency.