Immunopotentiation of galangal (Alpinia galanga L.) when combined with T-cells against metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, MDA-MB 231
Meiyanto E., Utomo R.Y., Putra A., Ahlina F.N., Nugraheni N., Alif I., Hermansyah D.
Abstract
This study explores the potency of galangal (Alpinia galanga L.) in enhancing the cytotoxic effects of cytotoxic T-cells to suppress the growth of human triple-negative breast cancer cells. T-cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy women and activated with CD3/CD28 T-cell activator to generate the cytotoxic subset of T-cells. The cells were incubated under standard conditions for 10 days. Galangal extract (GE) was subjected to a cytotoxicity test using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to measure its effect on activated T-cells. The effect of GE on activated T-cell differentiation was traced using flow cytometry. The effects of cytotoxic T-cells and GE on MDA-MB-231 cell growth were assayed using MTT assay. For the in silico assay, the natural compounds present in A. galanga L, such as acetoxychavicol acetate, galangin, β-caryophyllene, and p-coumaryl alcohol, were drawn using ChemDraw software, and the conformation series were generated using LowModeMD. The crystal structure of the complex of human programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) [protein data bank (PDB) ID: 4ZQK] was downloaded from the PDB. The obtained activated CD8+ T-cells propagated well under GE incubation. GE did not interfere with the viability and morphology of activated T-cells at concentrations up to 200 μg/ml and has a weak cytotoxic potential for MDA-MB cells, but, when combined with lymphocyte T-cells, it provides an immunopotentiation effect on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. GE has the strongest binding affinity to PD-1 and PD-L1 to induce immunopotentiation effect. This study illustrates a reasonable prospect of GE as a safe immunopotentiation and anticancer agent.
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