The length of azt consumption and homocysteine levels are protective factors of macrocytic anemia among adult hiv-infected patients: A case-control study in Central Java Province, Indonesia
Probandari A.N., Winarni T.I., Suradi, Pertiwi D.
Abstract
Objective: Macrocytic anemia (MA) is the most common type of anemia in adult HIV-infected patient on azidothymidine (AZT) regimen. The common causes of MA are vitamin B12 and folate deficiency, marked by homocysteinemia. AZT consumption causes homocysteinemia is still controversial. This study aimed to determine the role of AZT consumption and homocysteinemia in developing MA. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study involving adult HIV-infected patient who administered AZT in 12 health care facilities in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Sociodemographic data were obtained through interviews and medical records, while laboratory data included hemoglobin level and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were measured using the automatic hematology analyzer. Homocysteine level was measured using immunoassay. WHO references was used to diagnose anemia. Macrocytic was determined when MCV >96 fl. The cut-off homocysteinemia was >10 µmol/L. Length of AZT consumption was classified into ≤6 months and >6 months. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression test. Results: The population of this study was 503 adult HIV-infected on AZT regimen. In total, there were 116 subjects (age mean±SD: 41,9±9,4) who had MA and 116 controls (age mean±SD: 36,2±8,3) without anemia. Prevalence of anemia was 29.4% and the majority (78.4%) had MA. The odds of having MA among adult HIV infected patient on AZT regimen > 6 months was 0.25 times compared to patients who were on AZT regimen ≤6 months (95% CI 0.08-0.72, p=0.011), homocysteinemia was protective factor of MA (OR 0.43,95% CI 0.24-0.79, p=0.006). Conclusion: The length of AZT consumption >6 months and homocysteinemia are protective factors of MA among adult HIV-infected patient.
Determination of hematological and immunological parameters among HIV positive patients taking highly active antiretroviral treatment and treatment naïve in the antiretroviral therapy clinic of Gondar University Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study
Addis Z., Alem M., Enawgaw B., Melku M.
Mechanisms of zidovudine-induced mitochondrial toxicity and myopathy
Dirks Naylor A.J., Scruggs E.R.
Evaluation of the effects of the anti-retroviral drug regimen (zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine) on CD4 count, body weight, and Hb% of the HIV patients-a retrospective study
Dinakar K.R., Keerthisagar J., Narendranath S., Reshma S.R., Somashekar H.S., Vaneet A.
The authors reply
Hesdorffer C.S., Longo D.L.
AZT-induced mitochondrial toxicity: An epigenetic paradigm for dysregulation of gene expression through mitochondrial oxidative stress
Fields E., Jiao Z., Koczor C.A., Lewis W., Ludaway T., Russ R.
Hematological Study (Blood & Bone Marrow) in HIV Patients
Deshmukh A., Deshmukh G., Goyal V., Mishra J., Vaish P.N., Deshmukh A, Deshmukh G., Goyal V, Mishra J, Vaish P
Anemia and Its Associated Risk Factors at the Time of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Public Health Facilities of Arba
Alamdo A.G.
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values reflect therapeutic effectiveness in zidovudine-receiving HIV patients
Han K., Jang W., Kim A.H., Kim Y., Oh E.-J., Park Y.-J.
Megaloblastic anemia and other causes of macrocytosis
Aslinia F., Mazza J.J., Yale S.H., Aslinia F., Mazza J.J., Yale S.H.
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) Associated Macro-cytosis
Christopher D., Hale C.M., Kufel W.D., Orellana C.E., Sidman E.F., Hale CM, Kufel WD, Miller CD., Orellana CE, Sidman EF
